Upper Mustang trek takes us into the far-flung semi-independent kingdom of Upper Mustang that sits north of Annapurna close to the Tibet border. On this trip, your mind is naturally invigorated with the mysteries and history that blend into the geographical wonders of this independent mountain kingdom. In this guide, we will delve deep into the essential aspects of the Upper Mustang Trek, providing detailed information to help you prepare for this once-in-a-lifetime journey.
The trekking route to Upper Mustang is highly restricted and can only be trekked by obtaining a special permit. The arid river valley trek is filled with harsh, cliff-faced landscapes, deep ravines and snow capped peaks which will still challenge the most experienced hikers. The valley itself is steeped in undisturbed Tibetan Buddhist culture with ancient monasteries, traditional villages and cave dwellings high up on the cliffs as well as the stunning architecture on view at the walled city of Lo Manthang ( capital city of Mustang). If you’re looking for a culturally significant and remote adventure with some myth and legend blends then the Upper Mustang trek might be your calling.
Upper Mustang Trek Map
For easy trekking a reliable trek map is very necessary. Since the region is known for its challenging terrain and remote locations, below is an illustrative guide to help you navigate the trek with key villages and sights marked :
This map outlines the major routes, including the classic route, western route, and eastern routes, as well as key landmarks such as Lo Manthang, Kagbeni, and various monasteries and caves.
Upper Mustang Trekking Routes
The trekking routes to Upper Mustang starts and ends at Jomsom, with the walled city of Lo Manthang being the turn around point. There are three main trekking routes in Upper Mustang : The Classic, Western and Eastern Routes .
Classic Trek Route
Classic trek route to Upper Mustang largely follows the road, with off-road detours here and there. This trek route typically starts from Jomsom which is accessible by a flight from Pokhara. The trek follows the Kali Gandaki River through Kagbeni and onto Lo Manthang. This route offers trekkers the chance to experience the traditional villages and landscapes of Upper Mustang.
- Start Point: Jomsom
- Key Stops: Kagbeni, Chele, Syanboche, Ghemi, Tsarang, Lo Manthang
- Duration: Approximately 12-14 days
Western Trek Route
The western route is less traveled and offers a more rugged experience. This route is essentially a 1-2 day alternative off-road section between Ghami and Lo Manthang through Dhakmar and Ghar Ghompa.
- Start Point: Jomsom
- Key Stops: Kagbeni, Chele, Gheling, Dhakmar, Lo Manthang
- Duration: Approximately 14-16 days
Eastern Trek Route
The eastern route is quite challenging and ideal for those looking to explore the unique landscapes and less-visited areas east of Lo Manthang. It is a 3 day (almost) entirely off-road trail between Lo Manthang and Chhusang via Yara and Tanggee, best tracked on the return half of the journey. From Chuusan you can trek on a trail over the GyuLa to Muktinath, instead of on the road to Kagbeni. The
- Start Point: Jomsom
- Key Stops: Kagbeni, Samar, Bhena, Ghara, Lo Manthang
Duration: Approximately 14-16 days
Which is the best route for Upper Mustang Trekking ?
Most trekkers combine different routes into a loop trek, rather than walkin the same path both ways. Our suggested itinerary outlines the best 10 days trek mixing the Classic and Western Routes to Lo Manthang and returning through the Eastern Route.
Many trekking agencies recommend combining just the Classic and Western Routes. However, this means you’ll cover much of the same ground on the way there and back. To compete the trekking within the 10- days permit limit, you’ll have long trek days, many road sections, and limited time to explore the fascinating villages and sights. This can result in a less satisfying experience and may not justify the expensive permit fee.
If you don’t plan to trek the Eastern Route, we suggest a one-way hike from Kagbeni to Lo Manthang as the best alternative. You can then take a shared or private jeep back to Chhusang or Jomsom. This allows you to take your time trekking to Lo Manthang and fully enjoy the history , culture and geography that makes Mustang region special.
Best Time to Visit Upper Mustang for Trekking
Photo by Pritush Munankarmi on Unsplash
The best time to trek in Upper Mustang is during the pre-monsoon (March to early June) and post-monsoon (September to November) seasons. These periods offer mild weather and clear skies, providing ideal conditions for trekking. The region’s unique location in the rain shadow of the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri ranges means it remains relatively dry even during the monsoon season. In contrast to the rest of Nepal, Upper Mustang does not experience a summer monsoon. Winter i.e. December – February can be harsh and is not recommended for trekking as many lodges close and locals migrate south for the season.
Pre monsoon Upper Mustang Trek ( March – early June)
The weather window for trekking in Nepal esp Mustang falls during the month of March to early June. The temperature will be relatively warmer during this period of time but still at nights it tends to get cold and frosty as it ascends higher elevation. Spring season offers warm temperatures and wildflowers grow, adding color to the dry and dusty landscape..
Since Upper Mustang lies in a shadowland area, this part of Nepal doesn’t receive rainfall during the monsoon season making it a good time for the trekking Mustang. Although the temperature will be warm during these times the weather will still remain clear. The flight to Jomsom from Pokhara might get affected due to the Monsoon season and the sudden change in weather.
Post monsoon Upper Mustang Trek ( Sept – Nov)
This is when the rain settles after the monsoon ( July – mid Sep) and the weather gets dry. Slightly colder than Spring but presents a clear view of the mountains. The mornings are clear, providing the best mountain views, days are warmer and night will get cold and frosty. Temperature will drop considerably as you climb higher every day.
Upper Mustang Trek difficulty rating
There are no technical sections, and you remain below 4000m for the most part. There is no experience required for this type of journey, however you should be in relatively good shape and able to comfortably walk for 5-7 hours at a time and be prepared to sweat. No physical preparation is required for this type of trip, but the fitter you are , the more you’ll enjoy the trek experience. One of the most challenging aspects can be the dust and wind which can be relentless and tough if you are walking straight into it.
Upper Mustang trek rating
The difficulty level of trekking Mustang is moderate. The trek difficulty depends upon the route chosen and the pace at which you trek. For example, trekking the Western and Eastern routes involves longer days with some steep ascents/descents and limited facilities, making it more challenging. On the flip side, a one-way trek to Lo Manthang, returning by jeep, allows you to have shorter trekking days and more down time, making it easier.
Trekking requirement
The Upper Mustang trek does not require any technical climbing skills or advanced training. This trail is accessible to anyone with a moderate level of fitness, making it suitable for trekkers of varying experience levels. Prior trekking experience is beneficial but not necessary. If you can handle long days of walking and varying terrain, you should be able to complete this trek. Proper preparation, including regular exercise and cardiovascular training, will help ensure a successful and enjoyable experience on the trail.
Physical Fitness and Age Limitations
A good level of physical fitness is essential. Trekkers should be prepared for long days of walking, often at high altitudes. While there are no strict age limitations, children and elderly individuals should consult with a physician before attempting the trek.
The Trail and Trail Challenges
In general, trekking trails in Upper Mustang are not well marked and can be a little confusing to navigate at times. Some trails can be tricky underfoot due to small loose stones, and care is needed not to slip. Road sections can feel like a real slog. The nature of the land- flat plateaus sitting above steep sided gorges – often means descending all the way to a riverbed just to ascend the other side. You’ll likely trek for an average of 6-7 hours a day, but depending on your route you may have some 10 hours days.
Hiring a guide with experience trekking in the region is a must. The continuous road construction means trekking trails on the Classic route can change constantly. A trail marked on Maps.me or an official paper map can disappear overnight if the diggers have been busy, leaving you no option but to trek on the road or find an alternative route.
Trail Challenges
Altitude
The Upper Mustang trek reaches elevations of over 4,000 meters, which can pose a risk of altitude sickness. Symptoms can include headaches, nausea, dizziness, and shortness of breath. It’s essential to acclimatize properly by ascending gradually, staying hydrated, and recognizing the signs of altitude sickness early. In severe cases, descending to a lower altitude is necessary.
Terrain
The terrain in Upper Mustang is diverse and challenging, featuring rocky paths, steep ascents, and descents. The trail can be uneven and rugged, requiring good balance and sturdy footwear. Trekkers should be prepared for varying surfaces, including loose gravel and rocky outcrops, which can be physically demanding.
Weather
Weather conditions in Upper Mustang can change rapidly, especially at higher altitudes. Trekkers may experience sunny skies, rain, and even snow within a single day. It’s crucial to be prepared for all types of weather, with appropriate clothing layers, waterproof gear, and sun protection. Being equipped for sudden weather shifts will enhance safety and comfort on the trek.
Trek Duration
The trek to Mustang typically lasts between 12 to 16 days depending on the route chosen and pace of the trekker. It is also possible to amend your itinerary to descend via a different route to that used on the ascent. It is also possible to bolt this itinerary onto a longer Annapurna Circuit trek as after the circuit crosses the Thorong La Pass it also reaches Kagbeni, the point at which you enter into the Upper Mustang. It is also possible to forgo internal flights and travel by road from/to Kathmandu, Pokhara and Jomsom.
Upper Mustang Trekking Itinerary
Here is a sample itinerary for the Upper Mustang trek:
- Day 1: Fly from Pokhara to Jomsom, trek to Kagbeni.
- Day 2: Kagbeni to Chele.
- Day 3: Chele to Syanboche.
- Day 4: Syanboche to Ghemi.
- Day 5: Ghemi to Tsarang.
- Day 6: Tsarang to Lo Manthang.
- Day 7: Exploration day in Lo Manthang.
- Day 8: Lo Manthang to Dhakmar.
- Day 9: Dhakmar to Syanboche.
- Day 10: Syanboche to Chhusang.
- Day 11: Chhusang to Jomsom.
- Day 12: Fly back to Pokhara.
Preparation and Acclimatization
Proper preparation is crucial. This includes physical training, acquiring the necessary gear, and planning for acclimatization days to prevent altitude sickness. No previous experience of trekking is required but you should be moderately fit and must enjoy walking and adaptable to high altitude conditions. Having a previous experience is definitely but it is not a must to participate for this trip.
All travelers need to be in good physical health in order to participate fully on this trip. We strongly advise you to prepare yourself for the trip at least 3 months prior to your trip date by doing regular exercises, going hiking, running or going to the gym. The fitter you are the more enjoyable you will find the experience of trekking. All our trip itinerary has been devised keeping every aspect in mind and allows ample time for acclimatization.
How to Organize for the Upper Mustang Trek
Choosing the right way to organize your Upper Mustang trek depends on your preferences and travel style. Whether you prefer the flexibility of hiring a guide and paying as you travel, the convenience of an all-inclusive package, or the sociability and cost-sharing benefits of a group tour, each option provides unique advantages.
Since Upper Mustang is a restricted area and as such trekking with a guide is mandatory and also you will need a special permit known as RAP ( Restricted Area Permit). Additionally, there must be a minimum of two trekkers to obtain the RAP.
There are three main options to choose between when organizing an Upper Mustang trek:
Hire a Guide and Pay as You Travel
Hiring a local guide provides the advantage of flexibility and in-depth local knowledge. You can make decisions on the fly, adjusting your itinerary as needed. However, this approach requires more on-the-spot organization, such as finding accommodations and meals daily, negotiating prices, and ensuring you have the necessary permits in place. Despite the extra effort, this method can provide a more personalized and authentic trekking experience.
Hiring a guide experienced in trekking Upper Mustang, especially on your chosen routes, will greatly enhance your trek. Since this trek is both scenic and cultural, a guide knowledgeable about the region’s history, customs, and culture is invaluable.
Guide costs range from $25 to $50 per day, with experienced guides typically costing around $40 per day. If you prefer not to carry your own bag, you can also hire a porter for $20 to $25 per day.
Book an Inclusive Trekking Package
Booking an inclusive trekking package simplifies the entire process, offering convenience and peace of mind. Several local trekking agencies and tour operators offer packages which typically cover all the essentials: permits, accommodation, food, and guide and portal services. The itinerary is generally fixed with most agencies following the Classic and Western trek Routes.
By booking an inclusive package, you ensure that all logistical details are handled in advance, allowing you to focus entirely on enjoying your trek. This option is particularly useful for those who prefer not to deal with the day-to-day arrangements and wish to have a seamless experience. If you are booking a trekking package, be sure to check the exact inclusions and exclusions very carefully.
Book a Group Tour
Joining a fully inclusive group tour can be a sociable and cost-effective way to experience the Upper Mustang trek. Group tours provide an opportunity to meet and trek with like-minded travelers, fostering a sense of camaraderie and shared adventure. Costs for guides, permits, and sometimes even accommodation and food can be lower when shared among a group, making this a budget-friendly option. Group tours also offer the security of having everything pre-arranged, reducing the stress of planning.
Upper Mustang Trekking Permit and Cost
Trekking to Upper Mustang Nepal, you need three different permits per person, totaling approximately $550. Also you must trek with a guide and there must be a minimum of two trekkers to obtain the Restricted Area Permit (RAP).
Required Upper Mustang Permits:
Upper Mustang Restricted Area Permit (RAP)
- Cost: $500 per person for 10 days
- Additional days: $50 per person per day
Annapurna Conservation Area Permit (ACAP)
- Cost: 3000 NPR (approximately $30) per person
Trekkers’ Information Management System (TIMS)
- Cost: 1000 NPR (approximately $10) per person
The Upper Mustang permit RAP must be processed by a trekking company in Nepal. The ACAP and TIMS permits can be obtained by a trekking company or individual trekker, but it’s easier to have the trekking company organize all three. The TIMS card is not strictly necessary for Upper Mustang, but it is required for areas of Lower Mustang that you need to pass through before and after. All three permits must be processed in Kathmandu or Pokhara; they cannot be organized in Lower Mustang (e.g., Jomsom or Kagbeni).
You will need your passport with a valid Nepal visa and a passport sized photo.
If you plan to trek in Upper Mustang for more than 10 days, it’s best to add any additional days onto your permit when processing. If you exit Upper Mustang later than your permit allows, you can get a ‘late letter’ at the checkpoint in Kagbeni and pay the additional fee at the main office in Jomsom ($50 per day).
Exploring the Upper Mustang, the last forbidden kingdom of Nepal, requires careful planning and permits. Make sure you have the Upper Mustang Restricted Area Permit, the Annapurna Conservation Area Permit, and the Trekkers’ Information Management System card. These permits ensure you can legally trek and fully experience the unique culture, stunning landscapes, and ancient history of this mystical region.
Temperature Guidelines for Visiting Upper Mustang
Temperatures in Mustang can vary widely due to its altitude and the terrains. At Upper Mustang, it usually does get cold at night, but not as cold as other regions in Mustang. Overnight temperatures in Lo Manthang can drop to -8°C during winters while during the day the temperatures vary from 25°C – 30°C.
- Spring (March to May): Daytime temperatures range from 10°C to 20°C, with cooler nights.
- Summer (June to August): Warm days, with temperatures reaching up to 25°C.
- Autumn (September to November): Similar to spring, with clear skies and mild temperatures.
Winter (December to February): Cold, with daytime temperatures around 5°C to 10°C and nighttime temperatures dropping below freezing.
Upper Mustang Trek Budget
The total cost of your Upper Mustang trek depends on how you choose to do it. The cheapest option is to hire a guide, use public transport, and pay-as-you-go for food and accommodation. The most expensive option is booking a fully inclusive group tour with an international company. Booking an inclusive package with a local trekking agency falls somewhere in between. Regardless of your choice, there’s no avoiding the $500 permit fee, but food costs are generally lower than on other Nepal treks.
Here’s a general idea of costs for different approaches, followed by a breakdown of all expenses to help you compare options.
Approximate Upper Mustang Trek Costs
Hire Guide + Pay-As-You-Go
- Solo trekker: $1200 – $1500
- Two trekkers: $1000 – $1150 per person
Hire Guide & Porter + Pay-As-You-Go
- Solo trekker: $1480 – $1840
- Two trekkers: $1140 – $1320 per person
*Above figures based on a 12-day trek using public transport (no flights).
Inclusive Package With Local Trekking Agency
- $1500 – $2000 per person
International Group Tour (15-22 Days)
- $3500+ per person
Permit Costs
You need three permits for the Upper Mustang trek:
- Upper Mustang Restricted Area Permit (RAP): $500 per person for 10 days + $50 for each additional day
- Annapurna Conservation Area Permit (ACAP): 3000 NPR (approx. $30) per person
- Trekkers’ Information Management System (TIMS): 1000 NPR (approx. $10) per person
A typical budget for the Upper Mustang trek includes:
- Permits: $530 USD (for 10 days)
- Guide and Porter Fees: $25 to $30 USD per day for a guide, $15 to $20 USD per day for a porter
- Accommodation: $5 to $10 USD per night
- Food: $20 to $30 USD per day
Miscellaneous Expenses: $200 to $300 USD
What to Pack for the Trek to Upper Mustang
When preparing for your trek in Upper Mustang, it’s crucial to pack appropriately. There are two essential packing lists if you want to go trekking in Mustang: one is clothing and other is equipment/gear. You should always keep in mind that extra warm clothing is essential if you’re trekking in the colder winter months.
Kathmandu and Pokhara being the city area you can find numerous outdoor clothing shops, where you can purchase both genuine and knock-off gear. However, we highly recommend buying and breaking in your boots before you arrive in Nepal. Additionally, most hotels and guesthouses in Kathmandu or Pokhara offer free storage for excess baggage, so you can leave behind what you don’t need for the trek.
The basic requirements for trekking to mustang are given below:
- Clothing: Layered clothing for varying temperatures, waterproof jacket, trekking pants, thermal wear.
- Footwear: Sturdy trekking boots, comfortable trekking socks.
- Gear: Trekking poles, a high-quality sleeping bag, backpack, water bottles or hydration system.
- Other Essentials: First aid kit, sunscreen, hat, gloves, sunglasses, toiletries.
- Documents:
Clothing and Footwear
While traveling or trekking to Mustang, you need to be prepared for windy and dusty conditions. It is always a good idea to layer your clothes with base layers, mid layers and insulating layers with a windproof top shell..
During the summer season the sun can be pretty intense with little shades on the trails formed by clouds hovering around the beautiful terrain.
Quick list of clothing and footwear essential for the trek
Long-sleeved moisture wicking shirt/ T-Shirts,
Trousers, thermal leggings
Warm fleeceJackets/Sweater/Pullover, down vests
Waterproof and windproof jackets and trousers
Moisture wicking Inner wears and Undergarments
Sun hat, Warm Hat, Gloves and Bandana/Scarf and warm socks
Extra clothes to wear in Kathmandu when you come back from the trek
Trekking boots, Waterproof sandals/ crocs
slippers/flip flops to wear at the camp
Laundry bags for dirty clothes
Equipment/Gear List
The gear listed below is recommended for this kind of trip. We encourage you to get all equipment listed below for the trip and kindly ensure you check and try every equipment. You can also buy or hire the same in Kathmandu or Pokhara as they are available in the many trekking shops from branded to local manufacturers. Quicklist of the essential gears are listed below:
- Backpack: 50-70 liters with a good frame and hip belt
- Daypack: 20-30 liters for day hikes and excursions
- Trekking Poles: Adjustable and sturdy
- Sleeping Bag: Rated for -10°C or lower
- Sleeping Pad: Lightweight and compact for comfort
- Water Bottles/Hydration System: 2-3 liters capacity
- Headlamp: With extra batteries
- Lightweight Padlock: Just incase your room has no lock
- Camera and Binoculars: To view and capture the stunning landscapes with extra chargers
- Sunglasses: UV protection for high altitude
- Sunscreen: High SPF to protect against strong sun
- Sunscreen Lip Balm: With SPF to prevent chapping
- First Aid Kit: Basic supplies including blister treatment
- Personal Hygiene: Biodegradable soap, toothbrush, toothpaste, wet wipes
- Towel: Quick-drying and compact
- Toilet papers and Hand sanitizers and Wet wipes
- Water Purification: Tablets or a portable filter
- Soap, shampoo, deodorants smaller bottles preferable
- Toothbrush and toothpaste
- Power Bank and travel adapter: For charging electronic devices
- Maps/Guidebook: For navigation and information
- Snacks: High-energy foods like nuts, dried fruits, and energy bars
With these packing lists, you’ll be well-prepared for the unique and challenging trek through the mystical Upper Mustang, the last forbidden kingdom of Nepal. Remember, proper preparation and the right gear will ensure a comfortable and memorable trekking experience in this remote and enchanting region.
Documents
These are the documents which you cannot miss out when you plan to trekking to Mustang:
Passport with Visa and validity of 6 months after your trip completion
Photos : 4 copies of passport size photos for permits and official formalities
Travel Insurance
Flight tickets
Credit cards in case emergencies
Driving ID or any other ID in case of loss of your passport
Please carry the photocopy of all the documents along with you
Travel Insurance for Trekking in Upper Mustang
Getting the right travel insurance for your Upper Mustang Trek is essential. Here’s what you need to know:
Trekking at Altitude
Travel and trek insurance is crucial for the Upper Mustang trek. Ensure your policy covers high-altitude trekking, emergency evacuation, medical expenses, and trip cancellations.
Also your insurance should cover trekking up to 4500 meters, as the highest point on the trek is Chogo La at 4280 meters. Many standard policies don’t include this, but you can often add coverage through an activity pack. Also, make sure your policy includes Search and Rescue and Medical Evacuation.
Trekking in Nepal
Check if your insurance has specific exclusions for Nepal. Due to past scams involving helicopter evacuations, some policies may have higher excesses for this region. Always read the fine print to understand what’s covered and what’s not.
Recommended Travel Insurance Providers
Two reliable providers for trekking in Nepal are World Nomads and True Traveller (for UK/EEA residents). Both offer activity pack add-ons for high-altitude trekking and cover search and rescue. Compare quotes to find the best option for your needs. While World Nomads is popular, True Traveler often offers more affordable rates for adventure activities.
Make sure to choose a policy that ensures a worry-free and safe trekking experience in the mystical Upper Mustang, the last forbidden kingdom of Nepal.
Food and Accommodation During the Trek
Accommodation in Upper Mustang typically consists of tea houses or lodges. These provide basic but comfortable amenities, including meals. The food available is a mix of traditional Nepali dishes and some international cuisine, suitable for replenishing energy after a long day of trekking.
Highlights of Upper Mustang Trekking
- Lo Manthang: The ancient walled city with its unique culture and history.
- Monasteries: Ancient Tibetan Buddhist monasteries with intricate murals and artifacts.
- Caves: Explore the mysterious caves carved into the cliffs.
- Scenery: Breathtaking views of the Himalayas, red cliffs, and desert-like landscapes.
- Culture: Experience the rich Tibetan culture and traditions of the local people.
Upper Mustang Trek Review
Trekking in Upper Mustang is a truly transformative experience. The unique blend of cultural immersion, historical intrigue, and natural beauty makes it a standout adventure. Trekkers consistently praise the region’s serene landscapes, the hospitality of the local people, and the sense of stepping back in time. While the trek is demanding, the rewards are immeasurable, offering memories that last a lifetime.
The Upper Mustang trek typically lasts around 12 days, though the duration can vary based on your itinerary and pace.
The trek is moderately difficult, with varied terrain including steep ascents and descents. Proper preparation and acclimatization are important.
The highest point on the trek is Chogo La, which stands at 4280 meters (14,042 feet).
The best time to visit Upper Mustang is from April to July, when the weather is most favorable for trekking.
Absolutely, Upper Mustang is a unique destination with stunning landscapes, rich Tibetan culture, and historical significance, making it well worth the visit.
To reach Upper Mustang, fly from Pokhara to Jomsom, then trek to Kagbeni, the gateway to Upper Mustang. Alternatively, you can drive from Kathmandu to Pokhara and then proceed to Jomsom.
Upper Mustang experiences snowfall, especially in the winter months, due to its high altitude and Himalayan location.
Yes, hiring a guide is mandatory for the Upper Mustang trek. Trekkers must travel in groups of at least two and be accompanied by a registered guide.
Tibetan culture and fragile ecosystem.
Upper Mustang is restricted to preserve its unique culture and environment. Special permits ensure controlled tourism to protect the traditional
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